Koa 生产部署与性能优化

npm install pino pino-pretty

const pino = require("pino");

const logger = pino({
  level: process.env.LOG_LEVEL || "info",
  transport: process.env.NODE_ENV === "development"
    ? { target: "pino-pretty" }
    : undefined, // 生产输出 JSON
});

app.on("error", (err, ctx) => {
  logger.error({ err, reqId: ctx.state.reqId }, "unhandled error");
});

// middlewares/error.js
const logger = require("../utils/logger");

module.exports = async (ctx, next) => {
  try {
    ctx.set("X-Request-Id", ctx.request.headers["x-request-id"] || Date.now());
    await next();

    // 404 兜底
    if (ctx.status === 404 && !ctx.body) ctx.body = { code: "NOT_FOUND", message: "资源不存在" };

    // 统一成功包裹（可选）
    if (ctx.status >= 200 && ctx.status < 300) {
      ctx.body = { code: 0, message: "ok", data: ctx.body, requestId: ctx.request.headers["x-request-id"] };
    }
  } catch (err) {
    ctx.status = err.status || 500;
    if (ctx.status >= 500) {
      logger.error({ err }, "server error");
      ctx.body = process.env.NODE_ENV === "production"
        ? { code: 500, message: "服务器内部错误" }
        : { code: 500, message: err.message };
    } else {
      ctx.body = { code: err.code || err.status, message: err.message };
    }
    ctx.app.emit("error", err, ctx);
  }
};

pm2 start app.js -i max --name koa-api
pm2 save
pm2 startup            # 开机自启

const cluster = require("node:cluster");
const os = require("node:os");

if (cluster.isPrimary) {
  for (let i = 0; i < os.cpus().length; i++) cluster.fork();
  cluster.on("exit", (worker) => cluster.fork()); // 自动重启
} else {
  require("./app.js");
}

const app = new Koa();

process.on("SIGINT", shutdown);
process.on("SIGTERM", shutdown);

async function shutdown() {
  console.log("shutting down...");
  // 关闭 HTTP 服务，等待进行中连接完成
  await new Promise((resolve) => server.close(resolve));
  // 释放数据库/Redis 连接
  await db.end();
  await redis.quit();
  process.exit(0);
}

const server = app.listen(3000);

// 静态资源 gzip + 缓存头
const serve = require("koa-static");
app.use(serve("public", { gzip: true, maxage: 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 }));

// 动态接口压缩
const compress = require("koa-compress");
app.use(compress({ threshold: 2048 }));

// Redis 缓存热点接口
async function cached(key, ttl, loader) {
  const hit = await redis.get(key);
  if (hit) return JSON.parse(hit);
  const v = await loader();
  await redis.set(key, JSON.stringify(v), { EX: ttl });
  return v;
}

// 限流
const ratelimit = require("koa-ratelimit");
app.use(ratelimit({
  db: redis, duration: 60000, max: 100, id: (ctx) => ctx.ip,
}));

// body 大小限制
const bodyParser = require("koa-bodyparser");
app.use(bodyParser({ formLimit: "56kb", jsonLimit: "1mb" }));

npx autocannon -c 100 -d 10 -p 10 http://localhost:3000/

FROM node:22-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci --omit=dev
COPY . .
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["node", "app.js"]

FROM node:22-alpine AS build
WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci
COPY . .

FROM node:22-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=build /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY --from=build /app .
USER node
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["node", "app.js"]

services:
  app:
    build: .
    ports: ["3000:3000"]
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379
    depends_on:
      - redis
  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine

server {
    listen 80;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://koa_app;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
}