配置静态 Web 服务器

# IPv4 地址
listen 127.0.0.1:8000;
listen 127.0.0.1;        # 默认监听 80 端口
listen 8000;
listen *:8000;
listen localhost:8000;

# IPv6 地址
listen [::]:8000;
listen [fe80::1];
listen [:::a8c9:1234]:80;

# 带参数
listen 443 default_server ssl;
listen 127.0.0.1 default_server accept_filter=dataready backlog=1024;

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;

    # 精确匹配
    location = /login {
        return 200 "Exact: Login page";
    }

    # 前缀匹配（不检查正则）
    location ^~ /static/ {
        return 200 "Prefix: Static files";
    }

    # 正则匹配（区分大小写）
    location ~ \.(php|php5)$ {
        return 200 "Regex: PHP files";
    }

    # 正则匹配（不区分大小写）
    location ~* \.(jpg|JPG)$ {
        return 200 "Case-insensitive: JPG files";
    }

    # 普通前缀匹配
    location /api/ {
        return 200 "General prefix match!";
    }
}

location [修饰符] 匹配模式 {
    # 配置指令
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;

    # 1. 精确匹配（最高优先级）
    location = /login {
        return 200 "Exact: Login page";
    }

    # 2. 前缀匹配（不检查正则）
    location ^~ /static/ {
        return 200 "Prefix: Static files";
    }

    # 3. 正则匹配（区分大小写）
    location ~ \.(php|php5)$ {
        return 200 "Regex: PHP files";
    }

    # 4. 正则匹配（不区分大小写）
    location ~* \.(jpg|JPG)$ {
        return 200 "Case-insensitive: JPG files";
    }

    # 5. 普通前缀匹配
    location /api/ {
    # 匹配以 /api/ 开头的路径
    return 200 "General prefix match!";
}
}

location /download/ {
  root /opt/web/html/;
}

location /download/ {
  root /opt/web/html/;
}

# 使用 alias
location /conf {
  alias /usr/local/nginx/conf/;
}

# 使用 root
location /conf {
  root /usr/local/nginx/;
}

location ~ ^/test/(\w+)\.(\w+)$ {
  alias /usr/local/nginx/$2/$1.$2;
}

location / {
  root   /var/www;
  index  index.html index.htm index.php;
}

error_page   404          /404.html;
error_page   502 503 504  /50x.html;
error_page   403          http://example.com/forbidden.html;
error_page   404          = @fetch;

error_page 404 =200 /empty.gif;      # 返回 200
error_page 404 =403 /forbidden.gif;    # 返回 403
error_page 404 = /empty.gif;         # 由实际结果决定

location / {
    error_page 404 @fallback;
}

location @fallback {
    proxy_pass http://backend;
}

try_files /system/maintenance.html $uri $uri/index.html $uri.html @other;

location @other {
    proxy_pass http://backend;
}

# 与 error_page 配合使用
location / {
  try_files $uri $uri/ /error.phpc=404 =404;
}

client_body_temp_path /tmp/nginx/client_body 1 2;

http {
    keepalive_timeout 65;
    client_body_timeout 30;
    client_header_timeout 30;
    send_timeout 30;
}

include mime.types;

# 或手动定义
types {
    text/html  html htm shtml;
    text/css    css;
    image/jpeg  jpg jpeg;
}

default_type application/octet-stream;

client_max_body_size 10m;  # 限制上传文件大小为 10MB

http {
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=10r/s;

    server {
        limit_req zone=one burst=20;
    }
}

sendfile on;

sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;

gzip on;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_min_length 1000;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript;

# 将旧 URL 重定向到新 URL
rewrite ^/old/(.*)$ /new/$1 permanent;

# 将 .php 去除
rewrite ^/(.*)\.php$ /$1 last;

http {
    include mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    # 连接超时
    keepalive_timeout 65;
    client_body_timeout 30;
    client_header_timeout 30;
    send_timeout 30;

    # 缓冲区
    client_body_buffer_size 128k;
    client_header_buffer_size 1k;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 16k;

    # 文件操作优化
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    tcp_nodelay on;

    # Gzip 压缩
    gzip on;
    gzip_comp_level 6;
    gzip_min_length 1000;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript;

    # 请求限制
    client_max_body_size 10m;
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=10r/s;

    # 虚拟主机
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name example.com;

        location /static/ {
            root /var/www/static;
            expires 30d;
        }

        location / {
            try_files $uri $uri/ @backend;
            limit_req zone=one burst=20;
        }

        location @backend {
            proxy_pass http://backend_server;
        }

        error_page 404 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root /var/www/error;
        }
    }
}

sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;