tkinter 模块详解

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk  # 导入ttk主题化控件
from tkinter import messagebox, filedialog  # 导入对话框模块

import tkinter as tk

# 创建主窗口
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("我的第一个GUI应用")  # 设置窗口标题
root.geometry("400x300")  # 设置窗口大小
root.resizable(False, False)  # 禁止调整窗口大小

# 运行主循环
root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("窗口属性示例")
root.geometry("500x400")
root.minsize(300, 200)  # 最小窗口大小
root.maxsize(800, 600)  # 最大窗口大小

# 设置背景色
root.configure(bg="#f0f0f0")

# 设置窗口图标（需要图标文件路径）
# root.iconbitmap("icon.ico")

# 窗口居中显示
window_width = 500
window_height = 400
screen_width = root.winfo_screenwidth()
screen_height = root.winfo_screenheight()
x = (screen_width - window_width) // 2
y = (screen_height - window_height) // 2
root.geometry(f"{window_width}x{window_height}+{x}+{y}")

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("ttk 控件示例")
root.geometry("400x300")

# 使用 ttk 控件
label = ttk.Label(root, text="这是一个 ttk 标签")
label.pack(pady=10)

button = ttk.Button(root, text="这是一个 ttk 按钮")
button.pack(pady=10)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("标签示例")
root.geometry("400x300")

# 创建一个样式对象
# 创建一个新的样式，继承自默认的 TLabel
style.configure("Custom.TLabel",
                font=("Arial", 14, "bold"),
                foreground="white",
                background="#4285F4",
                padding=10)

# 普通 ttk 标签
label1 = ttk.Label(root, text="这是一个 ttk 标签")
label1.pack(pady=10)

# 应用自定义样式的标签
label2 = ttk.Label(root, text="带样式的 ttk 标签", style="Custom.TLabel")
label2.pack(pady=10)

# 显示图片的标签
try:
    # 需要有效的图片路径
    photo = tk.PhotoImage(file="example.png")
    image_label = ttk.Label(root, image=photo)
    image_label.pack(pady=10)
    # 保持引用，防止图片被垃圾回收
    root.image = photo
except tk.TclError:
    image_label = ttk.Label(root, text="图片 'example.png' 未找到或加载失败")
    error_label.pack(pady=10)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import messagebox

def on_button_click():
    messagebox.showinfo("消息", "你点击了按钮!")

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("按钮示例")
root.geometry("400x300")

# 配置样式
# 创建一个绿色的 "Success" 风格按钮
style.configure("Success.TButton",
                font=("Arial", 12),
                foreground="white",
                background="#34A853")
# 映射不同状态下的样式变化（例如，当按钮被按下时）
style.map("Success.TButton",
          background=[('active', '#2b8a44')])

# 普通 ttk 按钮
button1 = ttk.Button(root, text="点击我", command=on_button_click)
button1.pack(pady=10)

# 应用了自定义样式的按钮
button2 = ttk.Button(root, text="成功按钮", style="Success.TButton", command=on_button_click)
button2.pack(pady=10)

# 禁用的按钮
disabled_button = ttk.Button(root, text="禁用状态", state="disabled")
disabled_button.pack(pady=10)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import messagebox

def get_input():
    input_text = entry.get()
    messagebox.showinfo("输入内容", f"你输入了: {input_text}")
    password_text = password_entry.get()
    if password_text:
        messagebox.showinfo("密码", "获取到密码，但为了安全不显示。")

def clear_input():
    entry.delete(0, tk.END)
    password_entry.delete(0, tk.END)

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("输入框示例")
root.geometry("400x300")

# 使用 Frame 组织控件
main_frame = ttk.Frame(root, padding="10 10 10 10")
main_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

# 标签和输入框
name_label = ttk.Label(main_frame, text="请输入你的名字:")
name_label.pack(pady=5)

entry = ttk.Entry(main_frame, font=("Arial", 12), width=30)
entry.pack(pady=5)
entry.focus()  # 设置焦点

# 密码输入框
password_label = ttk.Label(main_frame, text="请输入密码:")
password_label.pack(pady=5)

password_entry = ttk.Entry(main_frame, show="*", font=("Arial", 12), width=30)
password_entry.pack(pady=5)

# 按钮框架
button_frame = ttk.Frame(main_frame)
button_frame.pack(pady=20)

# 按钮
get_button = ttk.Button(button_frame, text="获取输入", command=get_input)
get_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10)

clear_button = ttk.Button(button_frame, text="清除", command=clear_input)
clear_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import messagebox

def get_text():
    content = text.get("1.0", tk.END)  # 从第1行第0列到结尾
    messagebox.showinfo("文本内容", f"文本内容:\n{content}")

def clear_text():
    text.delete("1.0", tk.END)

def insert_text():
    text.insert(tk.END, "这是插入的文本\n")

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("文本框示例")
root.geometry("500x400")

# 创建一个主框架
main_frame = ttk.Frame(root, padding=10)
main_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

# 创建一个包含 Text 和 Scrollbar 的框架
text_frame = ttk.Frame(main_frame)
text_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

# 创建滚动条
scrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(text_frame)
scrollbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)

# 创建 Text 控件
text = tk.Text(text_frame, width=40, height=10, font=("Arial", 10), yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
text.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

# 关联滚动条和文本框
scrollbar.config(command=text.yview)

# 插入初始内容
text.insert(tk.END, "这是一个文本框示例\n")
text.insert(tk.END, "你可以在这里输入多行文本\n")

# 按钮框架
button_frame = ttk.Frame(main_frame)
button_frame.pack(pady=10)

get_button = ttk.Button(button_frame, text="获取文本", command=get_text)
get_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)

clear_button = ttk.Button(button_frame, text="清除", command=clear_text)
clear_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)

insert_button = ttk.Button(button_frame, text="插入文本", command=insert_text)
insert_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import messagebox

def show_selection():
    selection = var.get()
    messagebox.showinfo("选择", f"你选择了: {selection}")

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("单选按钮示例")
root.geometry("400x300")

# 使用 LabelFrame 将相关的 Radiobutton 组合在一起
option_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(root, text="选择一个编程语言", padding="10 10 10 10")
option_frame.pack(pady=10, padx=20, fill="x")

# 变量用于存储选项
var = tk.StringVar()
var.set("Python")  # 默认值

# 选项列表
options = ["Python", "Java", "JavaScript", "C++"]

# 创建单选按钮
for option in options:
    r = ttk.Radiobutton(option_frame,
                        text=option,
                        variable=var,
                        value=option)
    r.pack(anchor=tk.W, pady=5)

# 按钮
show_button = ttk.Button(root, text="显示选择", command=show_selection)
show_button.pack(pady=10)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import messagebox

def show_selections():
    selections = []
    for lang, var in languages.items():
        if var.get():
            selections.append(lang)

    if selections:
        messagebox.showinfo("选择", f"你选择了: {', '.join(selections)}")
    else:
        messagebox.showinfo("选择", "你没有选择任何选项")

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("复选框示例")
root.geometry("400x300")

# 使用 LabelFrame 组织复选框
option_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(root, text="你掌握哪些编程语言?", padding="10 10 10 10")
option_frame.pack(pady=10, padx=20, fill="x")

# 语言和对应的 BooleanVar
languages = {
    "Python": tk.BooleanVar(),
    "Java": tk.BooleanVar(),
    "JavaScript": tk.BooleanVar(),
    "C++": tk.BooleanVar()
}

# 创建复选框
for lang, var in languages.items():
    cb = ttk.Checkbutton(option_frame, text=lang, variable=var)
    cb.pack(anchor=tk.W, pady=5)

# 按钮
show_button = ttk.Button(root, text="显示选择", command=show_selections)
show_button.pack(pady=20)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import messagebox

def on_select(event):
    # curselection() 返回一个包含选中项索引的元组
    selection_indices = listbox.curselection()
    if selection_indices:
        index = selection_indices[0]
        item = listbox.get(index)
        messagebox.showinfo("选择", f"你选择了: {item} (索引: {index})")

def add_item():
    item = entry.get()
    if item:
        listbox.insert(tk.END, item)
        entry.delete(0, tk.END)

def delete_item():
    selection_indices = listbox.curselection()
    if selection_indices:
        # 从后往前删除，避免因索引变化导致删错
        for index in reversed(selection_indices):
            listbox.delete(index)

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("列表框示例")
root.geometry("400x400")

main_frame = ttk.Frame(root, padding=10)
main_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

# 列表框和滚动条的框架
list_frame = ttk.Frame(main_frame)
list_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

scrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(list_frame)
scrollbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)

# selectmode 可以是 SINGLE, BROWSE, EXTENDED, MULTIPLE
listbox = tk.Listbox(list_frame, selectmode=tk.EXTENDED, height=8, yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
listbox.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

scrollbar.config(command=listbox.yview)

listbox.bind("<<ListboxSelect>>", on_select)

# 添加初始项目
items = ["苹果", "香蕉", "橙子", "葡萄", "草莓", "蓝莓", "西瓜", "樱桃"]
for item in items:
    listbox.insert(tk.END, item)

# 输入和操作按钮的框架
input_frame = ttk.Frame(main_frame)
input_frame.pack(pady=10, fill=tk.X)

entry = ttk.Entry(input_frame)
entry.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.X, expand=True)

add_button = ttk.Button(input_frame, text="添加", command=add_item)
add_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)

delete_button = ttk.Button(input_frame, text="删除", command=delete_item)
delete_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import messagebox

def on_select(event):
    selection = combobox.get()
    messagebox.showinfo("选择", f"你选择了: {selection}")

def add_item():
    item = entry.get()
    if item and item not in combobox['values']:
        # 更新 Combobox 的值列表
        combobox['values'] = (*combobox['values'], item)
        entry.delete(0, tk.END)

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("组合框示例")
root.geometry("400x300")

main_frame = ttk.Frame(root, padding=10)
main_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

# 创建组合框
label = ttk.Label(main_frame, text="选择或输入一个编程语言:")
label.pack(pady=5)

combobox = ttk.Combobox(main_frame, values=["Python", "Java", "JavaScript", "C++"])
combobox.pack(pady=5, fill=tk.X)
combobox.current(0)  # 默认选择第一项
combobox.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", on_select)

# 添加新项目的框架
input_frame = ttk.Frame(main_frame)
input_frame.pack(pady=20, fill=tk.X)

entry = ttk.Entry(input_frame)
entry.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.X, expand=True)

add_button = ttk.Button(input_frame, text="添加到列表", command=add_item)
add_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

def on_scale_change(value):
    # command 回调函数接收到的值是字符串，需要手动转换为数值类型
    label.config(text=f"当前值: {float(value):.2f}")

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("滑块示例")
root.geometry("400x200")

main_frame = ttk.Frame(root, padding=20)
main_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

# 创建一个 DoubleVar 来存储滑块的值
scale_var = tk.DoubleVar(value=50)

# 创建滑块
scale = ttk.Scale(
    main_frame,
    from_=0,  # 起始值
    to=100,  # 结束值
    orient=tk.HORIZONTAL,  # 水平方向
    variable=scale_var,
    command=on_scale_change
)
scale.pack(fill=tk.X, expand=True)

# 显示当前值的标签
label = ttk.Label(main_frame, text=f"当前值: {scale_var.get():.2f}", font=("Arial", 12)
label.pack(pady=10)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox, filedialog

def show_info():
    messagebox.showinfo("信息", "这是一个信息对话框")

def show_warning():
    messagebox.showwarning("警告", "这是一个警告对话框")

def show_error():
    messagebox.showerror("错误", "这是一个错误对话框")

def ask_question():
    result = messagebox.askyesno("确认", "你确定要执行此操作吗?")
    if result:
        messagebox.showinfo("结果", "你点击了是")
    else:
        messagebox.showinfo("结果", "你点击了否")

def open_file():
    file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename(
        title="选择文件",
        filetypes=[("文本文件", "*.txt"), ("所有文件", "*.*")]
    )
    if file_path:
        messagebox.showinfo("文件", f"你选择了: {file_path}")

def save_file():
    file_path = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(
        title="保存文件",
        defaultextension=".txt",
        filetypes=[("文本文件", "*.txt"), ("所有文件", "*.*")]
    )
    if file_path:
        messagebox.showinfo("文件", f"文件将保存到: {file_path}")

def about():
    messagebox.showinfo("关于", "这是一个tkinter菜单示例应用")

def quit_app():
    if messagebox.askyesno("退出", "确定要退出应用吗?"):
        root.destroy()

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("菜单示例")
root.geometry("400x300")

# 创建菜单栏
menubar = tk.Menu(root)
root.config(menu=menubar)

# 创建文件菜单
file_menu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
menubar.add_cascade(label="文件", menu=file_menu)
file_menu.add_command(label="打开", command=open_file)
file_menu.add_command(label="保存", command=save_file)
file_menu.add_separator()
file_menu.add_command(label="退出", command=quit_app)

# 创建编辑菜单
edit_menu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
menubar.add_cascade(label="编辑", menu=edit_menu)
edit_menu.add_command(label="撤销", command=lambda: messagebox.showinfo("编辑", "撤销")
edit_menu.add_command(label="重做", command=lambda: messagebox.showinfo("编辑", "重做")
edit_menu.add_separator()
edit_menu.add_command(label="剪切", command=lambda: messagebox.showinfo("编辑", "剪切")
edit_menu.add_command(label="复制", command=lambda: messagebox.showinfo("编辑", "复制")
edit_menu.add_command(label="粘贴", command=lambda: messagebox.showinfo("编辑", "粘贴")

# 创建帮助菜单
help_menu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
menubar.add_cascade(label="帮助", menu=help_menu)
help_menu.add_command(label="关于", command=about)

# 创建上下文菜单（右键菜单）
context_menu = tk.Menu(root, tearoff=0)
context_menu.add_command(label="信息", command=show_info)
context_menu.add_command(label="警告", command=show_warning)
context_menu.add_command(label="错误", command=show_error)

def show_context_menu(event):
    context_menu.post(event.x_root, event.y_root)

root.bind("<Button-3>", show_context_menu)

# 创建一个标签用于显示右键菜单
label = tk.Label(root, text="右键点击显示上下文菜单", width=40, height=10, bg="lightgray")
label.pack(pady=20)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("进度条示例")
root.geometry("400x300")

main_frame = ttk.Frame(root, padding=20)
main_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

# 确定模式的进度条
determinate_label = ttk.Label(main_frame, text="确定模式")
determinate_label.pack(pady=5)

d_progress = ttk.Progressbar(main_frame, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL, length=200, mode='determinate')
d_progress.pack(pady=5)

# 不确定模式的进度条
indeterminate_label = ttk.Label(main_frame, text="不确定模式")
indeterminate_label.pack(pady=5)

i_progress = ttk.Progressbar(main_frame, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL, length=200, mode='indeterminate')
i_progress.pack(pady=5)

# 控制按钮
control_frame = ttk.Frame(main_frame)
control_frame.pack(pady=20)

def start_indeterminate():
    i_progress.start(10)  # 每 10ms 移动一次

def stop_indeterminate():
    i_progress.stop()

def step_determinate():
    d_progress.step(10) # 步进 10

start_btn = ttk.Button(control_frame, text="开始 (不确定)", command=start_indeterminate)
start_btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)

stop_btn = ttk.Button(control_frame, text="停止 (不确定)", command=stop_indeterminate)
stop_btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)

step_btn = ttk.Button(control_frame, text="步进 (确定)", command=step_determinate)
step_btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("选项卡示例")
root.geometry("500x400")

main_frame = ttk.Frame(root, padding=10)
main_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

# 创建 Notebook
notebook = ttk.Notebook(main_frame)
notebook.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

# 创建选项卡1
tab1 = ttk.Frame(notebook, padding=10)
notebook.add(tab1, text="个人信息")

l1 = ttk.Label(tab1, text="姓名:")
l1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky=tk.W)
e1 = ttk.Entry(tab1)
e1.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)

l2 = ttk.Label(tab1, text="邮箱:")
l2.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky=tk.W)
e2 = ttk.Entry(tab1)
e2.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)

# 创建选项卡2
tab2 = ttk.Frame(notebook, padding=10)
notebook.add(tab2, text="设置")

check_var = tk.BooleanVar(value=True)
cb = ttk.Checkbutton(tab2, text="启用通知", variable=check_var)
cb.pack(pady=10, anchor=tk.W)

scale_var = tk.DoubleVar(value=75)
scale = ttk.Scale(tab2, from_=0, to=100, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL, variable=scale_var)
scale.pack(pady=10, fill=tk.X, expand=True)

# 创建选项卡3
tab3 = ttk.Frame(notebook, padding=10)
notebook.add(tab3, text="关于")

about_text = "这是一个使用 ttk.Notebook 创建的选项卡界面示例。"
about_label = ttk.Label(tab3, text=about_text, wraplength=300)
about_label.pack(pady=20)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("pack布局示例")
root.geometry("400x300")

# 创建框架
top_frame = tk.Frame(root, bg="lightblue", height=100)
top_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=10, pady=10)

middle_frame = tk.Frame(root, bg="lightgreen", height=100)
middle_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=10, pady=5)

bottom_frame = tk.Frame(root, bg="lightyellow", height=100)
bottom_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=10, pady=10)

# 在框架中添加控件
tk.Label(top_frame, text="顶部框架", bg="lightblue").pack()

tk.Button(middle_frame, text="左").pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10)
tk.Button(middle_frame, text="中").pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10)
tk.Button(middle_frame, text="右").pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10)

tk.Button(bottom_frame, text="底部按钮").pack(side=tk.BOTTOM, pady=10)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("grid布局示例")
root.geometry("400x300")

# 创建表单
tk.Label(root, text="姓名:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=10, sticky=tk.W)
tk.Entry(root).grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10, pady=10)

tk.Label(root, text="邮箱:").grid(row=1, column=0, padx=10, pady=10, sticky=tk.W)
tk.Entry(root).grid(row=1, column=1, padx=10, pady=10)

tk.Label(root, text="密码:").grid(row=2, column=0, padx=10, pady=10, sticky=tk.W)
tk.Entry(root, show="*").grid(row=2, column=1, padx=10, pady=10)

# 跨列的按钮
tk.Button(root, text="注册").grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=2, pady=10)

# 配置网格权重
root.columnconfigure(1, weight=1)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("place布局示例")
root.geometry("400x300")

# 使用绝对位置
tk.Label(root, text="绝对位置 (50, 50)", bg="red").place(x=50, y=50)

# 使用相对位置
tk.Label(root, text="相对位置 (0.5, 0.5)", bg="blue").place(relx=0.5, rely=0.5, anchor=tk.CENTER)

# 使用绝对和相对位置结合
tk.Label(root, text="绝对和相对结合", bg="green").place(relx=0.5, rely=0.2, anchor=tk.CENTER, width=200)

# 使用in参数指定相对于某个控件
frame = tk.Frame(root, bg="yellow", width=200, height=100)
frame.place(x=100, y=150)

tk.Label(frame, text="在框架内部", bg="lightgray").place(relx=0.5, rely=0.5, anchor=tk.CENTER)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

class CounterApp(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.title("OOP 计数器应用")
        self.geometry("300x200")

        self.counter = 0
        self.counter_var = tk.StringVar(value=f"点击次数: {self.counter}")

        self.create_widgets()

    def create_widgets(self):
        main_frame = ttk.Frame(self, padding=20)
        main_frame.pack(expand=True)

        self.label = ttk.Label(main_frame, textvariable=self.counter_var, font=("Arial", 14)
        self.label.pack(pady=10)

        self.button = ttk.Button(main_frame, text="点击我", command=self.increment_counter)
        self.button.pack(pady=10)

    def increment_counter(self):
        self.counter += 1
        self.counter_var.set(f"点击次数: {self.counter}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = CounterApp()
    app.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox

def on_click(event):
    messagebox.showinfo("鼠标点击", f"你点击了位置: ({event.x}, {event.y})")

def on_key(event):
    messagebox.showinfo("键盘", f"你按下了: {event.keysym}")

def on_motion(event):
    x, y = event.x, event.y
    root.title(f"鼠标位置: ({x}, {y})")

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("事件处理示例")
root.geometry("400x300")

# 创建画布用于捕获鼠标事件
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=200, bg="lightgray")
canvas.pack(pady=10)

# 绑定鼠标事件
canvas.bind("<Button-1>", on_click)  # 左键点击
canvas.bind("<Button-3>", lambda e: messagebox.showinfo("右键", "你右键点击了画布"))  # 右键点击
canvas.bind("<Motion>", on_motion)  # 鼠标移动

# 创建文本框用于捕获键盘事件
entry = tk.Entry(root, font=("Arial", 14)
entry.pack(pady=10)
entry.bind("<Key>", on_key)

# 说明标签
info_label = tk.Label(root,
                     text="点击画布或输入框以测试事件处理\n点击画布可以查看鼠标位置\n输入框可以捕获键盘事件",
                     justify=tk.LEFT)
info_label.pack(pady=10)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox

def show_event(event):
    event_info = f"事件类型: {event.type}\n"
    event_info += f"时间: {event.time}\n"
    event_info += f"坐标: ({event.x}, {event.y})\n"
    event_info += f"坐标: ({event.x_root}, {event.y_root})\n"
    if hasattr(event, 'keysym'):
        event_info += f"按键: {event.keysym}\n"
        event_info += f"按键码: {event.keycode}"

    messagebox.showinfo("事件信息", event_info)

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("事件类型示例")
root.geometry("400x300")

# 创建画布
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=150, bg="lightblue")
canvas.pack(pady=10)

# 绑定各种事件
canvas.bind("<Button-1>", show_event)  # 左键按下
canvas.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", lambda e: messagebox.showinfo("事件", "左键释放"))  # 左键释放
canvas.bind("<Double-Button-1>", lambda e: messagebox.showinfo("事件", "左键双击"))  # 左键双击
canvas.bind("<Enter>", lambda e: messagebox.showinfo("事件", "鼠标进入"))  # 鼠标进入
canvas.bind("<Leave>", lambda e: messagebox.showinfo("事件", "鼠标离开"))  # 鼠标离开

# 创建文本框
entry = tk.Entry(root, font=("Arial", 14)
entry.pack(pady=10)
entry.bind("<Key>", show_event)  # 按键
entry.bind("<KeyRelease>", lambda e: messagebox.showinfo("事件", "按键释放"))  # 按键释放

# 说明标签
info_label = tk.Label(root,
                     text="测试不同类型的鼠标和键盘事件\n点击画布或输入框",
                     justify=tk.LEFT)
info_label.pack(pady=10)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox

def on_canvas_click(event):
    # 在点击位置绘制一个圆
    x, y = event.x, event.y
    canvas.create_oval(x-10, y-10, x+10, y+10, fill="red")
    messagebox.showinfo("绘图", f"在({x}, {y})处绘制了一个圆")

def clear_canvas():
    canvas.delete("all")

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("画布示例")
root.geometry("600x400")

# 创建画布
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, bg="white", width=500, height=300)
canvas.pack(pady=10)
canvas.bind("<Button-1>", on_canvas_click)

# 绘制初始图形
canvas.create_line(0, 0, 500, 300, fill="blue", width=2)  # 直线
canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 150, 100, fill="lightblue", outline="blue")  # 矩形
canvas.create_oval(200, 50, 300, 150, fill="lightgreen", outline="green")  # 椭圆
canvas.create_text(400, 100, text="文本", font=("Arial", 16), fill="purple")  # 文本
canvas.create_polygon(350, 200, 400, 200, 375, 250, fill="lightyellow", outline="orange")  # 多边形

# 按钮框架
button_frame = tk.Frame(root)
button_frame.pack(pady=10)

clear_button = tk.Button(button_frame, text="清除画布", command=clear_canvas)
clear_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)

# 说明标签
info_label = tk.Label(root, text="点击画布可以在点击位置绘制圆形")
info_label.pack(pady=5)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox, filedialog, colorchooser, simpledialog

def show_message_dialogs():
    messagebox.showinfo("信息", "这是一个信息对话框")
    messagebox.showwarning("警告", "这是一个警告对话框")
    messagebox.showerror("错误", "这是一个错误对话框")

def show_question_dialogs():
    result = messagebox.askyesno("确认", "是或否?")
    messagebox.showinfo("结果", f"你选择了: {'是' if result else '否'}")

    result = messagebox.askokcancel("确认", "确定或取消?")
    messagebox.showinfo("结果", f"你选择了: {'确定' if result else '取消'}")

    result = messagebox.askretrycancel("重试", "是否重试?")
    messagebox.showinfo("结果", f"你选择了: {'重试' if result else '取消'}")

def show_file_dialogs():
    # 文件打开对话框
    file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename(
        title="选择文件",
        filetypes=[("文本文件", "*.txt"), ("图像文件", "*.jpg *.png"), ("所有文件", "*.*")]
    )
    if file_path:
        messagebox.showinfo("文件", f"你选择的文件: {file_path}")

    # 文件保存对话框
    save_path = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(
        title="保存文件",
        defaultextension=".txt",
        filetypes=[("文本文件", "*.txt"), ("所有文件", "*.*")]
    )
    if save_path:
        messagebox.showinfo("文件", f"文件将保存到: {save_path}")

    # 目录选择对话框
    dir_path = filedialog.askdirectory(title="选择目录")
    if dir_path:
        messagebox.showinfo("目录", f"你选择的目录: {dir_path}")

def show_color_dialog():
    color = colorchooser.askcolor(title="选择颜色")
    if color[1]:  # color[1]是十六进制颜色值
        root.configure(bg=color[1])
        messagebox.showinfo("颜色", f"你选择的颜色: {color[1]}")

def show_simple_dialog():
    name = simpledialog.askstring("输入", "请输入你的名字:")
    if name:
        messagebox.showinfo("你好", f"你好, {name}!")

    age = simpledialog.askinteger("输入", "请输入你的年龄:", minvalue=1, maxvalue=120)
    if age:
        messagebox.showinfo("年龄", f"你的年龄是: {age}")

    height = simpledialog.askfloat("输入", "请输入你的身高(米):", minvalue=0.5, maxvalue=2.5)
    if height:
        messagebox.showinfo("身高", f"你的身高是: {height:.2f}米")

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("对话框示例")
root.geometry("400x300")

# 创建按钮
msg_button = tk.Button(root, text="消息对话框", command=show_message_dialogs)
msg_button.pack(pady=10, fill=tk.X, padx=20)

question_button = tk.Button(root, text="问题对话框", command=show_question_dialogs)
question_button.pack(pady=10, fill=tk.X, padx=20)

file_button = tk.Button(root, text="文件对话框", command=show_file_dialogs)
file_button.pack(pady=10, fill=tk.X, padx=20)

color_button = tk.Button(root, text="颜色对话框", command=show_color_dialog)
color_button.pack(pady=10, fill=tk.X, padx=20)

input_button = tk.Button(root, text="简单输入对话框", command=show_simple_dialog)
input_button.pack(pady=10, fill=tk.X, padx=20)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import messagebox

def on_combobox_select(event):
    selection = combo.get()
    messagebox.showinfo("选择", f"你选择了: {selection}")

def change_theme():
    selected_theme = theme_combo.get()
    style.theme_use(selected_theme)

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("ttk主题化控件示例")
root.geometry("400x400")

# 获取可用主题
available_themes = style.theme_names()
print("可用主题:", available_themes)

# 创建控件
frame = ttk.Frame(root, padding="10")
frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

# 标签
label = ttk.Label(frame, text="这是一个ttk标签", font=("Arial", 12)
label.pack(pady=10)

# 按钮
button = ttk.Button(frame, text="这是一个ttk按钮")
button.pack(pady=5)

# 进度条
progress = ttk.Progressbar(frame, length=200, mode="determinate")
progress.pack(pady=10)
progress['value'] = 50

# 滑块
scale = ttk.Scale(frame, from_=0, to=100, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL, length=200)
scale.pack(pady=10)

# 分隔符
separator = ttk.Separator(frame, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL)
separator.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=10, padx=20)

# 组合框
values = ["Python", "Java", "JavaScript", "C++", "Go"]
combo = ttk.Combobox(frame, values=values, state="readonly")
combo.pack(pady=10)
combo.current(0)
combo.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", on_combobox_select)

# 树形视图
tree = ttk.Treeview(frame, columns=("Name", "Age"), show="headings", height=5)
tree.heading("Name", text="姓名")
tree.heading("Age", text="年龄")
tree.pack(pady=10)

# 添加数据到树形视图
tree.insert("", "end", values=("张三", "25")
tree.insert("", "end", values=("李四", "30")
tree.insert("", "end", values=("王五", "28")

# 主题选择
theme_frame = ttk.Frame(frame)
theme_frame.pack(pady=10)

theme_label = ttk.Label(theme_frame, text="选择主题:")
theme_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)

theme_combo = ttk.Combobox(theme_frame, values=available_themes, state="readonly", width=15)
theme_combo.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
theme_combo.current(0)

change_button = ttk.Button(theme_frame, text="更改主题", command=change_theme)
change_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)

root.mainloop()

pip install Pillow

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from PIL import Image, ImageTk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("使用 Pillow 显示图像")
root.geometry("500x400")

main_frame = ttk.Frame(root, padding=10)
main_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

try:
    # 1. 使用 Pillow 打开图片
    # 请将 'path/to/your/image.png' 替换为你的图片路径
    image = Image.open('path/to/your/image.png')
    image = image.resize((400, 300), Image.Resampling.LANCZOS) # 调整图片大小

    # 2. 将 Pillow 图片对象转换为 Tkinter PhotoImage 对象
    photo_image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image)

    # 3. 创建一个标签来显示图片
    image_label = ttk.Label(main_frame, image=photo_image)

    # 重要：必须保留对 PhotoImage 对象的引用，否则它会被垃圾回收，导致图片不显示
    image_label.image = photo_image

    image_label.pack(pady=10)

except FileNotFoundError:
    error_label = ttk.Label(main_frame, text="图片未找到！\n请确认 'path/to/your/image.png' 是一个有效的路径。")
    error_label.pack(pady=10)
except Exception as e:
    error_label = ttk.Label(main_frame, text=f"加载图片时出错: {e}")
    error_label.pack(pady=10)


root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("root.after 示例")
root.geometry("300x200")

main_frame = ttk.Frame(root, padding=20)
main_frame.pack(expand=True)

label = ttk.Label(main_frame, text="等待 3 秒后更新...")
label.pack(pady=20)

def update_label():
    label.config(text="标签已更新！")

# 安排 update_label 函数在 3000 毫秒（3秒）后执行
root.after(3000, update_label)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
import time

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("数字时钟")
root.geometry("400x150")

main_frame = ttk.Frame(root, padding=20)
main_frame.pack(expand=True)

clock_label = ttk.Label(main_frame, font=("Arial", 40, "bold"), foreground="blue")
clock_label.pack(pady=20)

def update_clock():
    # 获取当前时间并格式化
    current_time = time.strftime("%H:%M:%S")
    clock_label.config(text=current_time)

    # 安排下一次更新（1000毫秒后）
    root.after(1000, update_clock)

# 首次启动时钟更新
update_clock()

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import messagebox

class CalculatorApp(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.title("简单计算器 (ttk 版本)")
        self.geometry("350x300")
        self.resizable(False, False)

        # 设置样式
        style.configure("TFrame", background="#f0f0f0")
        style.configure("TLabel", background="#f0f0f0", font=("Arial", 10)
        style.configure("TButton", font=("Arial", 10), padding=5)
        style.configure("TRadiobutton", background="#f0f0f0", font=("Arial", 10)

        main_frame = ttk.Frame(self, padding="15")
        main_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

        # 输入框
        input_frame = ttk.Frame(main_frame)
        input_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=5)

        ttk.Label(input_frame, text="第一个数:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="w")
        self.num1_var = tk.StringVar()
        self.entry_num1 = ttk.Entry(input_frame, textvariable=self.num1_var, width=20)
        self.entry_num1.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)

        ttk.Label(input_frame, text="第二个数:").grid(row=1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="w")
        self.num2_var = tk.StringVar()
        self.entry_num2 = ttk.Entry(input_frame, textvariable=self.num2_var, width=20)
        self.entry_num2.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)

        # 运算符
        op_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(main_frame, text="运算符", padding="10")
        op_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=10)

        self.operation_var = tk.StringVar(value="+")
        operators = ["+", "-", "*", "/"]
        for op in operators:
            ttk.Radiobutton(op_frame, text=op, variable=self.operation_var, value=op).pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10)

        # 按钮
        button_frame = ttk.Frame(main_frame)
        button_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=10)

        self.calc_button = ttk.Button(button_frame, text="计算", command=self.calculate, style="Accent.TButton")
        self.calc_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, expand=True, fill=tk.X, padx=5)

        self.clear_button = ttk.Button(button_frame, text="清除", command=self.clear)
        self.clear_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, expand=True, fill=tk.X, padx=5)

        # 结果
        self.result_var = tk.StringVar(value="结果: ")
        result_label = ttk.Label(main_frame, textvariable=self.result_var, font=("Arial", 12, "bold")
        result_label.pack(pady=10)

        # 为 Accent.TButton 定义特定样式
        style.configure("Accent.TButton", foreground="white", background="#0078D7")

    def calculate(self):
        try:
            num1 = float(self.num1_var.get()
            num2 = float(self.num2_var.get()
            op = self.operation_var.get()

            if op == "+":
                result = num1 + num2
            elif op == "-":
                result = num1 - num2
            elif op == "*":
                result = num1 * num2
            elif op == "/":
                if num2 == 0:
                    raise ValueError("除数不能为零")
                result = num1 / num2
            else:
                raise ValueError("无效的运算符")

            self.result_var.set(f"结果: {result:.2f}")
        except ValueError as e:
            messagebox.showerror("输入错误", f"无效的输入: {e}")
        except Exception as e:
            messagebox.showerror("计算错误", str(e)

    def clear(self):
        self.num1_var.set("")
        self.num2_var.set("")
        self.operation_var.set("+")
        self.result_var.set("结果: ")
        self.entry_num1.focus()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = CalculatorApp()
    app.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import messagebox, filedialog, scrolledtext

class TextEditorApp(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.title("简单文本编辑器 (ttk 版本)")
        self.geometry("800x600")

        self.current_file = None

        # 设置样式
        style.theme_use('clam') # 使用一个现代主题

        self.create_menu()
        self.create_toolbar()
        self.create_text_widget()
        self.create_statusbar()

    def create_menu(self):
        menubar = tk.Menu(self)
        self.config(menu=menubar)

        # 文件菜单
        file_menu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
        menubar.add_cascade(label="文件", menu=file_menu)
        file_menu.add_command(label="新建", command=self.new_file, accelerator="Cmd+N")
        file_menu.add_command(label="打开", command=self.open_file, accelerator="Cmd+O")
        file_menu.add_command(label="保存", command=self.save_file, accelerator="Cmd+S")
        file_menu.add_command(label="另存为...", command=self.save_as_file)
        file_menu.add_separator()
        file_menu.add_command(label="退出", command=self.quit)

        # 编辑菜单
        edit_menu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
        menubar.add_cascade(label="编辑", menu=edit_menu)
        edit_menu.add_command(label="撤销", command=lambda: self.text.edit_undo(), accelerator="Cmd+Z")
        edit_menu.add_command(label="重做", command=lambda: self.text.edit_redo(), accelerator="Cmd+Y")
        edit_menu.add_separator()
        edit_menu.add_command(label="剪切", command=self.cut_text, accelerator="Cmd+X")
        edit_menu.add_command(label="复制", command=self.copy_text, accelerator="Cmd+C")
        edit_menu.add_command(label="粘贴", command=self.paste_text, accelerator="Cmd+V")
        edit_menu.add_separator()
        edit_menu.add_command(label="全选", command=self.select_all, accelerator="Cmd+A")

        # 帮助菜单
        help_menu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
        menubar.add_cascade(label="帮助", menu=help_menu)
        help_menu.add_command(label="关于", command=self.show_about)

        # 绑定快捷键
        self.bind("<Command-n>", lambda event: self.new_file()
        self.bind("<Command-o>", lambda event: self.open_file()
        self.bind("<Command-s>", lambda event: self.save_file()
        self.bind("<Command-a>", lambda event: self.select_all()

    def create_toolbar(self):
        toolbar = ttk.Frame(self, padding=5)
        toolbar.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)

        ttk.Button(toolbar, text="新建", command=self.new_file).pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=2)
        ttk.Button(toolbar, text="打开", command=self.open_file).pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=2)
        ttk.Button(toolbar, text="保存", command=self.save_file).pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=2)

    def create_text_widget(self):
        # scrolledtext 模块提供了一个带有滚动条的文本框，非常方便
        self.text = scrolledtext.ScrolledText(self, wrap=tk.WORD, font=("Arial", 12), undo=True)
        self.text.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=5, pady=5)

    def create_statusbar(self):
        self.status_var = tk.StringVar(value="就绪")
        statusbar = ttk.Label(self, textvariable=self.status_var, relief=tk.SUNKEN, anchor=tk.W, padding=5)
        statusbar.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM, fill=tk.X)

    def new_file(self):
        self.text.delete(1.0, tk.END)
        self.current_file = None
        self.status_var.set("新文件")

    def open_file(self):
        file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename(filetypes=[("文本文件", "*.txt"), ("所有文件", "*.*")])
        if file_path:
            try:
                with open(file_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
                    self.text.delete(1.0, tk.END)
                    self.text.insert(tk.END, f.read()
                self.current_file = file_path
                self.status_var.set(f"已打开: {file_path}")
            except Exception as e:
                messagebox.showerror("错误", f"无法打开文件: {e}")

    def save_file(self):
        if self.current_file:
            try:
                with open(self.current_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
                    f.write(self.text.get(1.0, tk.END)
                self.status_var.set(f"已保存: {self.current_file}")
            except Exception as e:
                messagebox.showerror("错误", f"无法保存文件: {e}")
        else:
            self.save_as_file()

    def save_as_file(self):
        file_path = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(defaultextension=".txt", filetypes=[("文本文件", "*.txt"), ("所有文件", "*.*")])
        if file_path:
            self.current_file = file_path
            self.save_file()

    def cut_text(self):
        self.text.event_generate("<<Cut>>")

    def copy_text(self):
        self.text.event_generate("<<Copy>>")

    def paste_text(self):
        self.text.event_generate("<<Paste>>")

    def select_all(self):
        self.text.tag_add(tk.SEL, "1.0", tk.END)
        self.text.mark_set(tk.INSERT, "1.0")
        self.text.see(tk.INSERT)
        return 'break' # 阻止默认行为

    def show_about(self):
        messagebox.showinfo("关于", "一个使用 tkinter 和 ttk 构建的简单文本编辑器。")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = TextEditorApp()
    app.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("居中窗口")

window_width = 600
window_height = 400

# 获取屏幕宽度和高度
screen_width = root.winfo_screenwidth()
screen_height = root.winfo_screenheight()

# 计算 x 和 y 坐标
x = (screen_width - window_width) // 2
y = (screen_height - window_height) // 2

root.geometry(f"{window_width}x{window_height}+{x}+{y}")

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox

def on_enter_key(event):
    messagebox.showinfo("回车", "你按下了回-车键！")

def on_key_press(event):
    label.config(text=f"你按下了: {event.char}")

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("键盘事件绑定")
root.geometry("300x200")

# 绑定全局的回车键事件
root.bind("<Return>", on_enter_key)

label = tk.Label(root, text="在下方输入框中输入...", font=("Arial", 12)
label.pack(pady=10)

entry = tk.Entry(root)
entry.pack(pady=5)
# 绑定到输入框的按键事件
entry.bind("<Key>", on_key_press)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
import threading
import time

class ThreadingApp(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.title("多线程解决界面卡死")
        self.geometry("400x200")

        self.main_frame = ttk.Frame(self, padding=20)
        self.main_frame.pack(expand=True)

        self.start_button = ttk.Button(self.main_frame, text="开始耗时任务", command=self.start_long_task)
        self.start_button.pack(pady=10)

        self.status_label = ttk.Label(self.main_frame, text="状态: 空闲")
        self.status_label.pack(pady=10)

    def start_long_task(self):
        # 创建并启动一个新线程来执行耗时任务
        task_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.long_running_task)
        task_thread.start()
        self.status_label.config(text="状态: 任务已开始...")

    def long_running_task(self):
        # 模拟一个耗时5秒的任务
        print("耗时任务开始...")
        time.sleep(5)
        print("耗时任务结束.")

        # 注意：不能直接在子线程中更新 tkinter 控件
        # 需要使用 root.after 将更新操作调度回主线程
        self.after(0, self.update_status)

    def update_status(self):
        self.status_label.config(text="状态: 任务已完成！")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = ThreadingApp()
    app.mainloop()

# 错误示例：不要运行，会导致程序挂起
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("错误的布局")

# 在 root 上使用 pack
ttk.Label(root, text="这是一个标题").pack(pady=10)

# 又在 root 上使用 grid
ttk.Button(root, text="按钮1").grid(row=1, column=0)
ttk.Button(root, text="按钮2").grid(row=1, column=1)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("正确的布局")
root.geometry("300x200")

# 1. 在 root 上使用 pack 管理顶部的 Label 和底部的 Frame
top_label = ttk.Label(root, text="这是一个标题", font=("Arial", 14)
top_label.pack(pady=10)

# 2. 创建一个 Frame 来容纳 grid 布局
button_frame = ttk.Frame(root)
button_frame.pack(pady=10, padx=10, fill="both", expand=True)

# 3. 在 button_frame 内部自由地使用 grid
ttk.Button(button_frame, text="按钮 A").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="nsew")
ttk.Button(button_frame, text="按钮 B").grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="nsew")
ttk.Button(button_frame, text="按钮 C").grid(row=1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="nsew")
ttk.Button(button_frame, text="按钮 D").grid(row=1, column=1, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="nsew")

# 配置 button_frame 内部的网格权重，使其能够响应式缩放
button_frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
button_frame.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
button_frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
button_frame.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=1)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("控件变量绑定示例")
root.geometry("400x300")

main_frame = ttk.Frame(root, padding=20)
main_frame.pack(expand=True, fill="both")

# --- StringVar 示例 --- #

# 1. 创建一个 StringVar
name_var = tk.StringVar(value="默认值")

# 2. 将 StringVar 绑定到 Entry 和 Label
name_label = ttk.Label(main_frame, text="姓名:")
name_label.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=10, sticky="w")

name_entry = ttk.Entry(main_frame, textvariable=name_var, width=30)
name_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=10)

# 这个标签的文本会随着 name_var 的变化而自动更新
output_label = ttk.Label(main_frame, textvariable=name_var, font=("Arial", 12, "italic")
output_label.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=2, pady=10)

# --- BooleanVar 示例 --- #

# 1. 创建一个 BooleanVar
agree_var = tk.BooleanVar(value=True)

# 2. 将 BooleanVar 绑定到 Checkbutton
agree_check = ttk.Checkbutton(main_frame, text="我同意用户协议", variable=agree_var)
agree_check.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=2, pady=10)

# --- 交互 --- #

def show_status():
    # 3. 使用 .get() 获取变量的值
    user_name = name_var.get()
    is_agreed = agree_var.get()

    status_text = f"用户名: {user_name}, 是否同意: {is_agreed}"
    status_label.config(text=status_text)

status_button = ttk.Button(main_frame, text="显示当前状态", command=show_status)
status_button.grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=2, pady=10)

status_label = ttk.Label(main_frame, text="")
status_label.grid(row=4, column=0, columnspan=2, pady=10)

def reset_name():
    # 4. 使用 .set() 修改变量的值，Entry 和 Label 会自动更新
    name_var.set("已重置")

reset_button = ttk.Button(main_frame, text="重置名称", command=reset_name)
reset_button.grid(row=5, column=0, columnspan=2, pady=10)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("自定义 ttk 样式")
root.geometry("400x300")

# 1. 创建 Style 对象

# --- 自定义按钮样式 --- #

# 2. 配置一个新的按钮样式 'Danger.TButton'
style.configure(
    "Danger.TButton",
    font=("Arial", 12, "bold"),
    foreground="white",
    background="red",
    padding=10
)

# 3. 使用 map 来定义不同状态下的样式
style.map(
    "Danger.TButton",
    background=[("active", "darkred"), ("pressed", "black")],
    foreground=[("pressed", "white")]
)

# 4. 应用自定义样式
danger_button = ttk.Button(
    root,
    text="危险操作",
    style="Danger.TButton",
    command=lambda: print("危险操作被执行！")
)
danger_button.pack(pady=20)


# --- 自定义标签样式 --- #

# 2. 配置一个新的标签样式 'Success.TLabel'
style.configure(
    "Success.TLabel",
    font=("Arial", 14, "italic"),
    foreground="green",
    background="lightyellow",
    padding=10,
    borderwidth=2,
    relief="solid" # solid, groove, ridge, etc.
)

# 4. 应用自定义样式
success_label = ttk.Label(
    root,
    text="操作成功！",
    style="Success.TLabel"
)
success_label.pack(pady=20)

# --- 默认样式的 ttk 控件作为对比 --- #
default_button = ttk.Button(root, text="默认按钮")
default_button.pack(pady=10)


root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
import platform

def get_system_font():
    """根据操作系统返回合适的字体配置"""
    system = platform.system()
    if system == "Windows":
        return ("Microsoft YaHei", 12)  # 微软雅黑
    elif system == "Darwin":  # macOS
        return ("PingFang SC", 13)  # 苹方
    else:  # Linux
        return ("Noto Sans CJK SC", 12)  # 思源黑体

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("跨平台字体示例")

font_family, font_size = get_system_font()

# 使用系统适配的字体
label = ttk.Label(
    root,
    text="这是一段中文测试文本\nHello, World!",
    font=(font_family, font_size)
)
label.pack(pady=20, padx=20)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import font

root = tk.Tk()
root.withdraw()  # 隐藏主窗口

# 获取所有可用字体
available_fonts = font.families()
print("可用字体数量:", len(available_fonts)

# 查找包含"中文"或"Chinese"或常见中文字体
chinese_fonts = [f for f in available_fonts if any(
    keyword in f.lower() for keyword in ["hei", "song", "kai", "fang", "noto", "cjk", "chinese"]
)]
print("可能的中文字体:", chinese_fonts[:10])

root.destroy()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox

def on_closing():
    """窗口关闭时的回调函数"""
    if messagebox.askokcancel("退出确认", "确定要退出吗？\n未保存的数据将丢失。"):
        print("执行清理操作...")
        # 在这里执行清理操作
        # save_data()
        # close_connections()
        root.destroy()  # 真正关闭窗口

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("窗口关闭处理")

# 注册窗口关闭事件处理
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", on_closing)

label = tk.Label(root, text="点击窗口关闭按钮试试", font=("Arial", 14)
label.pack(pady=50)

root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
import threading
import time
import random

class ThreadSafeApp(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.title("线程安全 UI 更新")
        self.geometry("400x200")

        main_frame = ttk.Frame(self, padding=20)
        main_frame.pack(expand=True, fill="both")

        # 进度条
        self.progress = ttk.Progressbar(main_frame, mode="determinate", length=300)
        self.progress.pack(pady=10)

        # 状态标签
        self.status_var = tk.StringVar(value="就绪")
        self.status_label = ttk.Label(main_frame, textvariable=self.status_var)
        self.status_label.pack(pady=10)

        # 启动按钮
        self.start_btn = ttk.Button(main_frame, text="开始后台任务", command=self.start_task)
        self.start_btn.pack(pady=10)

    def start_task(self):
        """启动后台任务"""
        self.start_btn.config(state="disabled")
        self.status_var.set("任务进行中...")
        self.progress["value"] = 0

        # 创建并启动后台线程
        thread = threading.Thread(target=self.background_task, daemon=True)
        thread.start()

    def background_task(self):
        """后台线程中执行的任务（模拟耗时操作）"""
        for i in range(1, 101):
            time.sleep(0.05)  # 模拟耗时操作
            # 关键：使用 after(0, ...) 将 UI 更新调度到主线程
            self.after(0, self.update_progress, i)

        # 任务完成
        self.after(0, self.task_complete)

    def update_progress(self, value):
        """在主线程中更新进度条（由 after 调用）"""
        self.progress["value"] = value

    def task_complete(self):
        """任务完成后的清理（在主线程中执行）"""
        self.status_var.set("任务完成！")
        self.start_btn.config(state="normal")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = ThreadSafeApp()
    app.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk

def on_drag_start(event):
    """记录拖拽起始位置"""
    event.widget.start_x = event.x
    event.widget.start_y = event.y

def on_drag_motion(event):
    """拖拽过程中更新控件位置"""
    # 计算偏移量
    dx = event.x - event.widget.start_x
    dy = event.y - event.widget.start_y
    # 获取当前位置
    x = event.widget.winfo_x() + dx
    y = event.widget.winfo_y() + dy
    # 更新位置
    event.widget.place(x=x, y=y)

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("拖拽示例")
root.geometry("400x300")

# 创建可拖拽的标签
draggable = tk.Label(
    root,
    text="拖拽我！",
    bg="lightblue",
    width=15,
    height=3,
    cursor="fleur"  # 拖拽光标
)
draggable.place(x=150, y=100)

# 绑定拖拽事件
draggable.bind("<Button-1>", on_drag_start)
draggable.bind("<B1-Motion>", on_drag_motion)

root.mainloop()